vietnam war historians

I choose to share it because I believe that it can help those new to studying the Vietnam War to understand 1) the key debates and 2) the different ways in which different disciplines and scholarly generations can frame histories of the Vietnam War. Iraq changed all that. The diplomatic historians who study the Vietnam War often gravitate toward niche topics, such as the role of American universities in Vietnam, Vietnamese and American ideas of nation building, or the operations of the National Security Council. The Civil War and World War II were the wars that historians were advised to Some of the most important discoveries involved the behavior of Halberstam, Sheehan, and Karnow during the war and its impact on what they later wrote in their best-selling books. The Vietnam War Reexamined - December 2017. 30, no. Historians of the Vietnam War point to many misconceptions on the part of the United States that contributed to U.S. failure in the war, the most serious of which was a severe lack of understanding of Vietnamese history and society. History faculty tirelessly profess commitment to “diversity,” but within their own ranks one finds near uniformity of political sentiment. Again on the Vietnam decisions of Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson between 1961 and 1965 Hess shows that there is, at least to some extent, a meeting of minds between revisionists and orthodox scholars because both believe that … Peter Zinoman, “Vietnam-Centrism, the ‘Orthodox’ school and Mark Bradley’s Vietnam at War,” H-Diplo Roundtable Review, Volume XII, No. These pages contain a selection of Vietnam War quotations. Although more than thirty years have passed since the end of the Vietnam War, historians today are as divided on what happened as the American people were during the war … Upon release by … By the early 1990s, when I began studying the Vietnam War, the American public had largely lost interest in the history of that conflict. Historians who oppose the orthodoxy on Vietnam, or on other politically-charged subjects like Soviet espionage in America or feminism are likely to be received by these departments as if they were crank propagandists or foolish eccentrics. As recently as 30 years ago, historians were limited to U.S. and West European sources, making it impossible to write with authority about Vietnam itself or decision-making by North Vietnam’s allies, China, the Soviet Union, and Eastern European nations. Most of what today is considered the conventional wisdom originated with the triumvirate of Halberstam, Sheehan, and Karnow, journalists who reported on the war as it was happening and afterwards wrote best-selling books. Alpha History’s Vietnam War website is a comprehensive textbook-quality resource for studying events in Vietnam, from the 1800s to 1976. In one of the most celebrated of recent orthodox histories, Cornell University history professor Fredrik Logevall announced that most scholars, himself included, consider it “axiomatic” that the United States erred in deciding to intervene in Vietnam.24  The United States did not need to fight Ho Chi Minh, proponents of the orthodoxy still maintain, because he would have become an Asian Tito had the Americans not pestered him.25  Hanoi’s dedication to conquering the South, they add, ensured that no American strategy would have succeeded.26  For orthodox scholars, Ngo Dinh Diem remains a poor leader who senselessly antagonized his people.27  The portrayal of American veterans as perpetrators of horrible actions during the war and psychological wrecks after the war has continued.28, The areas that have received the greatest attention recently from orthodox historians possess considerable historical significance but relatively minor import in the orthodox-revisionist debate. Burkett, a Vietnam veteran and a stockbroker by profession, demolished most of the mythology surrounding Vietnam veterans in one fell swoop. Remembering Vietnam is an exhibit at the National Archives in Washington, DC, on display from November 10, 2017, through February 28, 2019, featuring records related to 12 critical episodes in the Vietnam War.. John Tully, Brad Austin, and Matthew Masur … Fractured Identity: The Best Vietnam War Books Some forty years after American withdrawal from Vietnam, the U.S. continues to be haunted by the impact of the war. Although not all of their authors are excellent scholars, they are generally more rigorous in their analysis than their orthodox counterparts, because they are so often challenged that they have become adept at anticipating and countering contrary assertions. Because too few reliable histories had been written previously, I relied almost entirely on primary sources for information, which required much more time than the research for the average general history but also yielded many more discoveries than I would otherwise have found. 6 This list may not reflect recent changes (). Historians … Among government officials, military officers, and political scientists, Vietnam was considered irrelevant, because the United States would never get caught in protracted counterinsurgency warfare again. Amongst prominent orthodox historians there is an ongoing debate over whether Kennedy would have withdrawn from Vietnam had he not been assassinated.29  They also disagree about why Johnson intervened.30  Their biases and lack of knowledge on other aspects of the war, however, have allowed revisionists to overtake them on these topics. The historical memory of recent American foreign policy is shallow, cynical and selective. Some of my research produced solid evidence for assertions that other revisionists had made previously but without supporting facts, for instance the commitment of Ho Chi Minh to global Communist revolution or the feasibility of severing the North Vietnamese supply routes through Laos, the so-called Ho Chi Minh Trail. At the time, the Vietnam War saw the highest proportion of African-Americans soldiers. Explore our collection of motivational and famous quotes by authors you know and love. A leading possibility is the ideological imbalance among today’s academic history departments. One reason is that she contracted black fever and died shortly after the book was published. Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this book to your organisation's collection. of Reims), and Pierre Asselin (San Diego State Univ. The Vietnam War is one of the most controversial and traumatic events in American history. I made the chart below to prepare for my comprehensive exams. Vietnam: Historians at War Vietnam: Historians at War Moyar, Mark 2008-04-18 00:00:00 Acad. In my first book, Phoenix and the Birds of Prey, I examined how South Vietnamese and American forces destroyed the insurgency at the village level, and showed that the counterinsurgency programs supported by the United States were not the exercises in indiscriminate murder of antiwar legend.45  Lewis Sorley, a veteran of the U.S. Army and the CIA who also has a Ph.D. but no academic affiliation, addressed both the regular and irregular elements of the war during its latter years in his book A Better War. When a revisionist contends that the Vietnamese had an authoritarian political culture that allowed strong men like Ho Chi Minh to thrive and made democracy unfeasible, orthodox professors often hurl accusations ranging from insensitivity to racism. Other parts revealed new facts that have forced alteration of central interpretations, such as the remarkable success of South Vietnam’s counterinsurgency initiatives in 1962 and 1963, or the strong support for American intervention in Vietnam among the other nations of Asia and Oceania.44. David L. Anderson, the president of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations and an orthodox historian of the Vietnam War, stated in his 2005 presidential address that revisionists interpret the war based on an “uncritical acceptance” of American cold war policy rather than analysis of the facts, whereas orthodox historians rely exclusively on “reasoned analysis” in reaching their conclusions.1  Some orthodox scholars have maintained that the revisionists’ primary ambition is not to find the truth but to twist the facts of the Vietnam War to justify contemporary wars or other policies. Marguerite Higgins, who had become the first female war correspondent to win the Pulitzer Prize for her reporting on the Korean War, found that Halberstam’s articles contained many glaring inaccuracies, most of which were intended to tarnish the image of South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem. Within history departments, there is a generally recognized spectrum of subject matter respectability. and panelists Lubna Qureshi (Independent Historian), David Prentice (Oklahoma State Univ. Individually, some Mennonites were engaged in anti-war efforts on religious grounds, while others were more politically or morally motivated. The Civil War and World War II were the wars that historians were advised to While such comments may hold some truth with respect to a few individuals, they most definitely do not apply to the most prominent of the revisionists. As a result, military history has suffered more than any other field at the hands of the radicals, with military history jobs disappearing from most history departments as soon as their elderly military historians retire. The categories that divide ‘Orthodox’ and ‘Revisionist’ historians operate more as overl… Category page. By the early 1990s, when I began studying the Vietnam War, the American public had largely lost interest in the history of that conflict. The most influential "anti-war" films were Taxi Driver (1976), Apocalypse Now (1978), and The Deer Hunter (1978). Of course, these faculties have not yet caught up with the rest of humanity in fully accepting the ramifications of Soviet Communism’s collapse, so one should expect that a good deal more time must pass before the truth will permeate their corridors. The result has been a steady increase in the number of scholarly monographs published on Vietnam, making it the war that never ends. Hess finds that the historiography of the Vietnam War departs from the ‘traditional model’ of historical appreciation of the United States’ wars. The Vietnam War and American Culture(s), Part 3: “Passionate Historians,” and Selected Sources on the Vietnam War Posted on November 2, 2020 by georgelamplugh [NOTE: It’s awfully easy to stereotype historians as calm, objective, even bloodless observers of the past, especially when you read a garden-variety history textbook. of Reims), and Pierre Asselin (San Diego State Univ. One reason is resurgent public interest in a topic that had lost some of its salience in American life during the 1990s. April 30,2000, marked the twenty-fifth anniversary of the real end of the Vietnam War: the "fall" of Saigon—which was quickly renamed Ho Chi Minh City. Although this country's troop commitment and casualties were modest, the conflict aroused widespread protest and condemnation. As the historian Jessica Chapman of Williams College puts it, “The Vietnam War was, at its core, a civil war greatly exacerbated by foreign intervention.” Others have described it … As such, many historians view the Vietnam War and the anti-war movement of the 1960’s as key reasons for the end of Johnson’s presidency. Scholars and historians continue to debate the justification – or lack thereof – for U.S. intervention. In the 21st century, Americans still bitterly argue about the war. According to the Krepinevich school, the United States focused on fighting a conventional war in the hinterlands because the U.S. military had been designed to fight such a war, when in fact much greater attention should have been given to securing the populous areas.22. The most impressive new source material, however, has emerged from countries other than the United States. The more we look at American decision-making in Vietnam, the less sense it makes. Gittinger, eds.. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. B.G. Some academics have attempted to explain that fact by arguing that revisionists are irrational or dimwitted. And for those who fought in Vietnam, it was a tough homecoming. The first-stage was a VC guerrilla and terrorist insurgency. Halberstam, Sheehan, and Karnow now faced accusations that they had helped wreck the South Vietnamese government. Protests about the Vietnam war began almost as soon as the US became involved. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Unfortunately, Higgins’s book did not achieve the popularity of the books by Halberstam, Sheehan, and Karnow, and within a few years it faded into obscurity. The most influential of the early revisionist books was Guenter Lewy’s America and Vietnam, the only work of its vintage that remains highly important to historians today.23  Of Lewy’s many contributions, his greatest was the refutation of antiwar arguments about the immorality, inhumanity, and illegality of American military actions in Vietnam. Yet one often cannot pass sound judgment on decisions in Washington without knowing the details in Southeast Asia.5 Historians of Vietnam who cover the war tend to focus on narrow issues of culture and politics and avoid strategy or warfare.6  Knowing what is most important in culture and politics in wartime is impossible without knowing the strategic and military context. Vietnam became a subject of large-scale news coverage in the United States only after substantial numbers of U.S. combat troops had been committed to the war in the spring of 1965. Diem ruled over South Vietnam as a dictator as the tensions between North and South Vietnam intensified. American leaders were completely ignorant of South Vietnam and mindlessly optimistic about progress in the war. He was also among the first to note that the Buddhist protesters, whose charges of religious oppression crippled the South Vietnamese government from 1963 to 1965, had fabricated evidence of oppression and were more concerned with gaining political power than religious freedom.39, Col. H.R. Like everyone else, historians continue to debate the […] (2008) 21:37–51 DOI 10.1007/s12129-008-9045-y ARTICLES Mark Moyar Published online: 18 April 2008 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008 By the early 1990s, when I began studying the Vietnam War, the American public had largely lost interest in the … If you want to make a movie about the Vietnam War, there are a few stock things you need. Vietnam: Historians at War. Historians who addressed American military performance accused the U.S. military of fighting unlawfully and unsuccessfully against a wily adversary that regularly outwitted it, and they alleged that the war inflicted long-term psychological damage on huge numbers of American veterans.16  These claims made the war appear even more reprehensible, which also made draft dodging appear more sensible. Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The War that Never Ends: Historians and the Vietna... Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and Americans in Vietnam, Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of War in Vietnam, Pay Any Price: Lyndon Johnson and the Wars for Vietnam, In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam, Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy, Lessons of Disaster: McGeorge Bundy and the Path to War in Vietnam, The War Council: McGeorge Bundy, the NSC, and Vietnam, America’s Rasputin: Walt Rostow and the Vietnam War, American Tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson, and the Origins of the Vietnam War, Imaging Vietnam and America: The Making of Postcolonial Vietnam, 1919–1950, Radicalism and the Origins of the Vietnamese Revolution, Forging a Fateful Alliance: Michigan State University and the Vietnam War, The United States’ Emergence as a Southeast Asian Power, Why Vietnam? Much of that narrative has continued to evade serious questioning from orthodox historians, who have preferred to remain focused on a fairly narrow set of questions. America’s South Vietnamese allies were corrupt and cowardly, in contrast to the patriotic and dedicated North Vietnamese and Viet Cong. This archive, containing 21,477 pages of documents received in response to VVAW’s Freedom of Information Act requests, chronicles the group’s organizing activities across the country. Those generals, with Lodge’s blessing, overthrew and murdered Diem on November 2, 1963. Some compartmentalized historians would respond to the foregoing by contending that they can get the necessary contextual information from the many wider histories that have already been written about Vietnam. Clemson history professor Edwin Moïse unearthed a large amount of new information on the Tonkin Gulf incidents,31  and George Herring, who recently retired from the University of Kentucky history department, did the same for Lyndon Johnson’s relations with the U.S. military.32  Harold P. Ford, a former CIA officer, incorporated into his history documents that are not normally available to researchers.33  In a relatively favorable history of Ngo Dinh Diem’s nation-building enterprises, Professor Philip Catton of Stephen F. Austin State University went the farthest in challenging conventional views without chopping down the overarching tenets of the orthodox school.34, Some other valuable books have provided new insights into smaller matters while largely steering clear of the big points of disagreement between orthodox and revisionist historians. In the 1950s, Vietnam descended into civil war, with the Southern government and US forces attempting to stop the spread of communism. Of these, several of the best have incorporated important evidence from Soviet and Chinese archives to illuminate the roles of the Soviet Union and China.35  Studies of other countries and regions have enhanced understanding of the international dimensions of the war.36  As Vietnamese and French sources have become more accessible, new publications on Vietnamese Communism have appeared.37  Recent biographies of American leaders have brought new discoveries on strategic decision-making.38. Though comprising 11% of US population in 1967, African Americans were 16.3% of all draftees. In a September 1963 article, Joseph Alsop likened the American correspondents in Saigon to the American journalists of the 1940s who had denigrated Chiang Kai-Shek and praised Mao Tse-Tung as a “great and humane man,” as well as to Herbert Matthews, the reporter who had idealized Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. Military history as a subject generally summons us to imagine lessons "learned from the past," phrased in abstract universals; or the entertainment value of the History Channel ("the male equivalent of the romance novel"). A small group of veterans and academic historians who rejected the fundamental tenets of the antiwar movement were, from the beginning, producing works that became known as “revisionist.” Over time, the number of revisionists would increase, but the movement has never made major inroads into academia. Many of these false veterans had appeared on TV and in books to recount stories of atrocities and psychological injuries, providing the evidence desired by antiwar historians. After Higgins authored a string of New York Herald Tribune stories eviscerating various claims Halberstam had made in the New York Times, an editor at the Times went so far as to send Halberstam a letter stating: “Some of what she has been writing would tend to balance the material we have been getting from Saigon recently....I am sure that you will take care of this aspect of the Vietnamese story as soon as you can.” The letter prompted Halberstam to shoot back, “If you send me one more cable referring to that woman’s copy you will have my resignation forthwith by return cable and I mean it repeat mean it.”12  Higgins went on to write a terrific book entitled Our Vietnam Nightmare, which was published in 1965. Boston University professor Michael Kort is a Cold War historian and an expert on the Soviet Union. Although the history of Vietnam has been dominated by war for 30 years of the 20th century, the conflict escalated during the sixties. It appears increasingly difficult for scholars to tell the entire story of the war. His books include A Bitter Peace: Washington, Hanoi, and the Making of the Paris Agreement (2002) and Hanoi's Road to the Vietnam War, 1954-1965 (2013). The Civil War and World War II were the wars that historians were advised to cover if they wanted to reach the public. Orthodox scholars have continued to assert that Vietnam was not strategically important without examining most of the relevant information that has become available. Although largely wrong about the big picture, these books provide some valuable small pictures. Normally, as in say the Spanish-American War or the First World War, an orthodox interpretation has emerged which rationalises American involvement in the conflict. Discover and share Vietnam War Quotes From Historians. Burkett’s book, Stolen Valor, extraordinary for both its detailed research and its nationwide popularity, revealed that several hundred supposed Vietnam veterans in the public spotlight were frauds. United States President Dwight Eisenhower supported the Diem regime, as the United States was interested in stopping the spread of communism in the region. Common Core Standards: RH1, RH2, WHST1, WHST2 Introduction: From Matthew Masur, “Nationalism, Communism, and the Vietnam War,” in Understanding and Teaching the Vietnam War, ed. By sifting through masses of American and North Vietnamese documents as well as American press reports, I determined that South Vietnam was actually winning the war until Diem’s death, and began losing as soon as he was gone. Having spent many years gathering information, including a considerable amount on the Vietnamese side, Dommen shot some sizeable holes in the Halberstam-Sheehan-Karnow account. From the summer issue of Academic Questions, we reprint the controversial article, "The Case for Colonialism." Mark Moyar holds the Kim T. Adamson Chair of Insurgency and Terrorism at the U.S. Marine Corps University, Quantico, VA 22134; [email protected]. Another weakness of the contemporary university that affects the study of the Vietnam War is excessive compartmentalization. That may have been true in certain cases, but the overall effect has been to reduce interest in the big questions and drive historians into compartments that bear little relation to each other except for their political ideology. The narrative that emerged from their books is relatively straightforward. The National Archives has a wealth of records and information documenting the U.S. experience in the Vietnam conflict. The books by Halberstam, Sheehan, Karnow and nearly every other orthodox author concentrated on the period from the division of Vietnam in 1954 to the Tet Offensive of 1968, providing minimal coverage of the years 1969 to 1975. Halberstam began writing books well before the others, publishing The Making of a Quagmire in 1964, Ho in 1971, and The Best and the Brightest, which sold more than a million copies, in 1972.8  Stanley Karnow’s Vietnam: A History, published in 1983, also sold over one million copies and was accompanied by a multivolume PBS documentary that attracted Ken Burns-size audiences.9  Neil Sheehan’s A Bright Shining Lie arrived in 1988 and promptly won the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize.10  All three of these journalists were entertaining writers, and awful historians. Prior to that time, the number of American newsmen in Indochina had been small—fewer than two dozen even as late as 1964. Some prominent journalists criticized Halberstam, Sheehan, and Karnow from the early stages of the war. Due to the time period and nature of the Vietnam War historians today consider it to be a Cold War era proxy war between the United States and Soviet Union. Ever since the outbreak of insurgency in the former empire of Saddam Hussein, people of all persuasions have been mining the history of Vietnam for information that will support their preferred Iraq policies. Its history is told more in fragments, and as a result, no overarching consensus on the contours of the war has developed. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. When it became fashionable several decades ago for historians to focus on niche topics, proponents argued that this research would shed new light on big historical questions. As recently as 30 years ago, historians were limited to U.S. and West European sources, making it impossible to write with authority about Vietnam itself or decision-making by North Vietnam’s allies, China, the Soviet Union, and Eastern European nations. The orthodox history, however, has not ventured very far from the Halberstam-Sheehan-Karnow narrative. Register now for “The Vietnam War: A Diplomatic Contest,” on January 7 at 10 AM ET! Check if you have access via personal or institutional login. Both historians believe the Diem regime lacked legitimacy and stunk of corruption.4 Historian Edward Miller’s, War Stories: The Taylor-Buzzanco Debate and How We Think About the Vietnam War, is an article trying to separate historians Keith Taylor and Robert Buzzanco’s ideas about Diem’s legitimacy. Like everyone else, historians continue to debate the […] Prelude to America’s Albatross, Assuming the Burden: Europe and the American Commitment to War in Vietnam, Replacing France: The Origins of American Intervention in Vietnam, John Foster Dulles and the Diplomacy of the Cold War, Valley of Death: The Tragedy at Dien Bien Phu that Led America into the Vietnam War, The Last Valley: Dien Bien Phu and the French Defeat in Vietnam, The Geneva Conference of 1954 on Indochina, Geneva, 1954: The Settlement of the Indochina War, War By Other Means: National Liberation and Revolution in Vietnam, 1954–1960, Diem’s Final Failure: Prelude to America’s War in Vietnam, Exhibiting Signs of Resistance: South Vietnam’s Struggle for Legitimacy, 1954–1960, Misalliance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and the Fate of South Vietnam, Dynamics of the Cold War in Asia: Ideology, Identity, and Culture, Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965, Vietnam’s Forgotten Army: Heroism and Betrayal in the ARVN, ARVN: Life and Death in the South Vietnamese Army, Quagmire: Nation-Building and Nature in the Mekong Delta, Inventing Vietnam: The United States and State Building, 1954–1968, The Economics of Insurgency in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, The Mekong River and the Struggle for Indochina, Only Religions Count in Vietnam: Thich Tri Quang and the Vietnam War, Sacred Willow: Four Generations in the Life of a Vietnamese Family, Viet Cong: The Organization and Technique of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam, The Vietnamese War: Revolution and Social Change in the Mekong Delta, 1930–1975, Lost Victory: A Firsthand Account of America’s Sixteen-Year Involvement in Vietnam, Pacification: The American Struggle for Vietnam’s Hearts and Minds, Ashes to Ashes: The Phoenix Program and the Vietnam War, Phoenix and the Birds of Prey: Counterinsurgency and Counterterrorism in Vietnam, No Sure Victory: Measuring U.S. Army Effectiveness and Progress in the Vietnam War, The Counterinsurgency Era: U.S. Doctrine and Performance, 1950 to the Present, To Move a Nation: The Politics of Foreign Policy in the Administration of John F. Kennedy, Why Vietnam Matters: An Eyewitness Account of Lessons Not Learned, Deadly Paradigms: The Failure of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy, War Comes to Long An: Revolutionary Conflict in a Vietnamese Province, The Village War: Vietnamese Communist Revolutionary Activities in Dinh Tuong Province, 1960–1964, The Dynamics of Defeat: The Vietnam War in Hau Nghia Province, Village at War: An Account of Conflict in Vietnam, Learning to Eat Soup With a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam, Masters of War: Military Dissent and Politics in the Vietnam Era, Dereliction of Duty: Johnson, McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies that Led to Vietnam, On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War, Advise and Support: The Early Years of the U.S. Army in Vietnam, The Final Years: The U.S. Army in Vietnam, Patriots: The Vietnam War Remembered from All Sides, Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War by Black Veterans, Remembering Heaven’s Face: A Story of Rescue in Wartime Vietnam, Grunts: The American Combat Soldier in Vietnam, Nation in Arms: The Origins of the People’s Army of Vietnam, Victory in Vietnam: The Official History of the People’s Army of Vietnam, Building Force: Asian Origins of 20th Century Military Science in Vietnam, (1905–1954), The Blood Road: The Ho Chi Minh Trail and the Vietnam War, Reporting Vietnam: Media and Military at War, Reporting Vietnam: American Journalism, 1959–1975, An American Ordeal: The Antiwar Movement of the Vietnam Era, The War Within: America’s Battle over Vietnam, No Peace, No Honor: Nixon, Kissinger, and Betrayal in Vietnam, Vietnam’s Second Front: Domestic Politics, the Republican Party, and the War, The Conservative Lobby and Nixon’s Peace With Honor in Vietnam, The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy, Soviet-Vietnamese Relations and the Role of China, Power and Protest: Global Revolution in the Age of Détente, Without Honor: Defeat in Vietnam and Cambodia, The Secret Diplomacy of the Vietnam War: The Negotiating Volumes of the Pentagon Papers, Le Duc Tho-Kissinger Negotiations in Paris, A Bitter Peace: Washington, Hanoi, and the Making of the Paris Agreement, Nixon in the World: American Foreign Relations, 1969–1977, The Third Indochina War: Conflict between China, Vietnam and Cambodia, 1972–1979, The Life We Were Given: Operation Babylift, International Adoption, and the Children of War in Vietnam, Kissinger, Ford, and Congress: The Very Bitter End in Vietnam, Invisible Enemies: The American War on Vietnam, 1975–2000, Until the Last Man Comes Home: POWs, MIAs, and the Unending Vietnam War, America’s Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950–1975, Vietnam: The History of an Unwinnable War, A Time for War: The United States and Vietnam, Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War, The Wars for Vietnam: An International History of the Vietnam War, The Indochina wars and the Cold War, 1945–1975, Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present, War and Gender in Cold War Men's Adventure Magazines, Self-Imposed Restrictions: January–July 1964, Pulp Vietnam: War and Gender in Cold War Men's Adventure Magazines.

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